Definition
An epidural abscess is q collection of pus (infected material) between the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord and the bones of the skull or spine. The abscess causes swelling in the area.
Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
Epidural abscess is a rare disorder caused by infection in the area between the bones of the skull or spine, and the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges). This infection is called an intracranial epidural abscess if it is inside the skull area, or a spinal epidural abscess if it is found in the spine area. Nine out of 10 cases are located in the spine.
The infection is usually caused by bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus is common), but may be caused by fungus. It can be due to other infections in the body, or germs that spread through the blood. However, in up to one-third of patients, no source of infection is found.
In the case of an intracranial epidural abscess (within the skull), risk factors include:
- Chronic ear infections
- Chronic sinusitis
- Head injury
- Mastoiditis
- Recent neurosurgery
A spinal epidural abscess may be seen in patients with:
- A history of back surgery or other invasive procedures involving the spine
- Bloodstream infections
- Boils
- Bone infections of the spine (vertebral osteomyelitis)
People who inject drugs are also at increased risk.
-
Epidural abscess : Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
-
Epidural abscess : Symptoms & Signs, Diagnosis & Tests
-
Epidural abscess : Treatment
Review Date : 9/28/2008
Reviewed By : David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Unviersity of Washington School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, PhD, MD, Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicne, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only — they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2010 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
