Definition
Bronchiolitis is swelling and mucus buildup in the smallest air passages in the lungs (bronchioles), usually due to a viral infection.
Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
Bronchiolitis usually affects children under the age of 2, with a peak age of 3 – 6 months. It is a common, and sometimes severe illness. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause. Other viruses that can cause bronchiolitis include:
- Adenovirus
- Influenza
- Parainfluenza
The virus is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with nasal fluids, or by airborne droplets. Although RSV generally causes only mild symptoms in an adult, it can cause severe illness in an infant.
Bronchiolitis is seasonal and appears more often in the fall and winter months. It is a very common reason for infants to be hospitalized during winter and early spring. It is estimated that by their first year, more than half of all infants have been exposed to RSV.
Risk factors include:
- Exposure to cigarette smoke
- Age younger than 6 months old
- Living in crowded conditions
- Lack of breast-feeding
- Prematurity (being born before 37 weeks gestation)
Pictures & Images
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the bronchioles (smaller airways that branch off the main airway) usually caused by a viral infection.
Normal lungs and alveoli
The lungs are located in the chest cavity and are responsible for respiration. The alveoli are small sir sacs where oxygen is exchanged in the lungs.
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Bronchiolitis : Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
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Bronchiolitis : Symptoms & Signs, Diagnosis & Tests
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Bronchiolitis : Treatment
Review Date : 11/2/2009
Reviewed By : Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
